Fobos-Grunt was an Russian Sample Return Mission to Phobos, which is one of the moon of Mars. It also carried the Chinese orbiter called Yinghuo-1 and a small Living Interplanetary Flight Experiment funded and developed by the Planetary Society.
Launch:
The Spacecraft was arrived at the launch pad "Baikonur" on 17th October 2011. It was launched successfully on 8th November 2011. It was carried by Zenith-2SB41 Rocket developed by Russian Space Agency.
Design and Development:
The Fobos-Grunt design was began in 1999, when the Russian Space Research Institute and NPO Lavochkin initiated rouble feasibility study into Phobos sample-return mission. It was similar to the 1980s Fobos program. On 26th March 2007, Russia and China signed a cooperative agreement on joint exploration of Mars, which included Fobos-Grunt & Yinghuo-1 weigh 115kg.
Fobos-Grunt Development Partners:
Launch:
The Spacecraft was arrived at the launch pad "Baikonur" on 17th October 2011. It was launched successfully on 8th November 2011. It was carried by Zenith-2SB41 Rocket developed by Russian Space Agency.
Design and Development:
The Fobos-Grunt design was began in 1999, when the Russian Space Research Institute and NPO Lavochkin initiated rouble feasibility study into Phobos sample-return mission. It was similar to the 1980s Fobos program. On 26th March 2007, Russia and China signed a cooperative agreement on joint exploration of Mars, which included Fobos-Grunt & Yinghuo-1 weigh 115kg.
Fobos-Grunt Development Partners:
- NPO Lavochkin
- GEOHI RAN Institute - Russian Academy of Sciences
- Vernadski Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical chemistry
- Russian Space Research Institute
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Planetary Society
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Finnish Meteorological Institute - Two MetNet Mars Landers
- Delivery of Soil of Phobos to Earth for research of Mars,Phobos
- To Monitor the atmosphere of Mars and dynamics of dust storms
- To study the vicinity of Mars including radiation belt
- To study the formation of moons and terrestrial planets by the impact of asteroids
- In search of possible evidence for past or present life
- Study the impact of three-year interplanetary round trip journey on extremophile micro-organisms in a small sealed capsule (LIFE Experiment)
Scientific Instruments:
- Television System for Navigation and Guidance
- Gas Chromatograph package | Thermal Differential Analyzer - Gas-Chromatograph - Mass Spectrometer |
- Gamma Ray Spectrometer
- Neutron Spectrometer
- Alpha X Spectrometer
- Seismometer
- Long Wave Radar
- Visual and Near Infrared Spectrometer
- Dust Counter
- Ion Spectrometer
- Optical Solar Sensor
Communication:
The first communication was received by the European Space Agency's tracking station located in Perth on 22nd November 2011, Australia. After receiving, they sent a command to turn one of its transmitters. The contact was made on 20:25 UTC on 22nd November 2011 as reported by European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt. Then No Telemetry signal was received in this communication.
Repeat Mission:
In January 2012,Russian Space Research Institute and NPO Lavochkin called scientists and engineers for a repeat sample return mission called Fobos-Grunt-2 and Boomerang, for launch in 2020. Again it was estimated to complete the repeat mission within approx.2024. Some of the instruments designed for the Fobos-Grunt were installed and carried by Exo-Mars Trace Gas Orbiter.
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