ESA's Mars Express beams its images.

European Space Agency's Mars express sent a image of Mars Polar Ice cap on the Martian Surface..

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Mariner 3 Spacecraft

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Mariner 3

Name            :Mariner 3

Launch         :05 November 1964

Rocket  Atlas: LV-3 Agenda D

Launch site  :Cape Canaveral

Last Contact : 6 November 1964

Mission Overview:-

           Mariner 3 was launched in 5 November of 1964. It was aimed to flyby around mars and conduct interplanetary experiments along way. Soon after its launch, the shroud encasing the spacecraft at top of rocket failed to open properly which results in the mission unsuccessful.

     Three weeks later Mariner 4 was successfully launched. And after eight month of journey to the Red planet, it collected the first closeup photograph of other planet.

Causes for failure of Spacecraft:-

     After one hour of launch transmission was received indicating the functioning of the instrument, but there is no indication of Solar panel functioning which results in the power failure. Battery dead and the spacecraft ran out of power.. ( spacecraft failure )

Instruments Carried:-

1. Imaging system
2. Magnetometer
3. Plasma Probe
4. Cosmic ray telescope
5. Trapped Radiation detector
6. Cosmic Ray Ionization
7. Cosmic Dust Detector

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First Five Spacecraft to Mars

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Mangalyaan-India On Mars

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Mars 2MV-3 No.1

LANDER DETAILS:-
Name              : Mars 2MV-3 No.1
Mission Type : Lander
Launch           : 4 November 1962
Rocket             : Molniya 8k78
Decay date     : 25 November 1962

DESCRIPTION:-

    Mars 2MV-3 No.1 also known as Sputnik 24 in the west. It was launched in 1962 as a part of Soviet Mars Programme in the carrier rocket of Molniya. It was aimed to land on Martian surface. But due to problem in the carrier rocket, the spacecraft did not depart low earth orbit.

CAUSES FOR FAILURE:

    After 4.2 minutes of flight, the oxidizer pressurization  malfunctioned which results in cavitation turbo pump. The same problem developed in propellant field lines, but still the lower stage were able to place spacecraft to LEO. The vibration in the cavitation system prevented the Block L upper stage from igniting, leaving the spacecraft in the parking orbit. It decayed in orbit next day. The upper stage ullage motor platform  remained in orbit until January 1963.

YOUTUBE:-

    See videos about Russian Mars Spacecraft's at https://youtu.be/UbPgUZPbQFE

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Mars 1 Flyby

Spacecraft Details:-

Name                         : Mars 1

Launch                     : 1 November 1962

Owner                      : Russia

Rocket                     : Molniya

Type                         : Probe / Flyby

Closest approach : 19 June 1963 

Description:-

                          Mars 1 also known as 1962 Beta No.1 Mars2MV-4 and Sputnik-23. It was launched on 1 November of 1962 as a part of Soviet Mars Programme with intent flyby of Mars at 11,000 Km. 

Objectives:-

  

          It was aimed to take image of Martian Surface and send back Cosmic data to the earth. It also designed to study the Mars Magnetic field, Mars Radiation Environment, Atmosphere structure and possible organic compunds.

Mission Status:-

          After leaving the earth Low Earth Orbit rocket Molniya's fourth stage separated and solar panel was deployed. Early telementry indicated that there was leak in one of the gas valve in the orientation system. So that the spacecraft transferred to gyroscopic stabilization. Later using Sixty One radio transmitters large amount of data were collected.

Causes for Failure:

             On 21st March 1963, the spacecraft is 106,760,000 km from the earth and on the way to Mars, thereafter the communication between Mars 1 and Telementry ceased,  probably due to the failure of spacecrafts antenna orientation system.

Scientific Results from Mars-1:

1. It recorded one of the micrometeorite outside Earth.
2. Magnetic field intensities of 3-4 nano teslas were detected.
3. Solar wind was detected.
4. Radiation Zone around the Earth was detected.          

Memories:-

               In later period Soviet Union published Mars 1 Stamp to remember the spacecraft. It was the spacecraft which lost its contact before flyby and it was close to Mars at a distance of 193,000 km.

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